A new virus spreads across the United States, raising alarms among global virologists who warn of a potential new pandemic in 2025. The H5N1 avian flu, known to primarily infect birds, is now affecting mammals – including dairy cows, cats and even humans – demanding urgent action.
The Global Virus Network (GVN), comprising top scientists from over 40 countries, has called on world leaders to enhance preparedness, surveillance and rapid response capabilities to avoid a repeat of the COVID-19 crisis.
What We Know So Far: The Virus Reaches New Hosts
The H5N1 bird flu virus first identified in geese in China in 1996 has since spread around the world, causing havoc in poultry industries. Now, researchers have confirmed that the virus is infecting dairy cattle, domestic pets and humans across the US, with worrying symptoms such as coughing, pneumonia, fatigue and even neurological problems in animals.
“The recent emergence of highly pathogenic H5N1 in dairy cows and humans raises alarms regarding the potential for a pandemic,” warns the GVN in a commentary published in The Lancet Regional Health.”
To date, the virus has been confirmed in more than 995 dairy cows and at least 70 humans. In January 2025, a death from the virus was confirmed in Louisiana—the first death in the United States.
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Bird Flu in Cats: A Surprising Development
At Colorado State University, researchers have noticed a disturbing trend: pet cats are becoming infected with bird flu and dying. Most of these infections are caused by exposure to raw milk, wild birds or contaminated pet food.
“We are seeing very severe clinical illness in people’s pet cats. The vast majority are passing away,” said Dr. Kristy Pabilonia, director of veterinary diagnostics at CSU.”
Cats have shown severe symptoms, including difficulty walking and nervous system deterioration. Some cases occurred in urban areas, showing how the new virus is spreading beyond farms into American homes.
How the Virus Could Lead to a New Pandemic
Although there is currently no confirmed human-to-human transmission, GVN emphasizes that the virus can mutate. If it begins to transmit efficiently between humans, it could lead to a new pandemic virus crisis.
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The virus’s high adaptability and co-circulation with human and swine flu strains could create “recombined” viruses – genetically mixed forms that are capable of widespread infection.
“Early detection and robust surveillance are critical to prevent further spread,” said Dr. Christian Bréchot of the GVN.”
Steps Being Urged to Prevent a Crisis
To prevent the new virus 2025 threat from escalating into a full-blown new pandemic, experts are pushing for:
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Monitoring of animals and humans, including milk and wastewater testing.
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Rapid sharing of genomic data globally.
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Use of protective equipment on farms.
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Development of vaccines for both animals and humans.
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Community-led strategies for testing and vaccination efforts.
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Clinical studies to assess new strains, treatments, and vaccines.
What’s Next?
As the new virus continues to spread, virologists are stressing the importance of learning from past outbreaks. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the devastating impact of delayed responses. Experts agree that now is the time to act.
“Understanding the current landscape of H5N1 infections is critical for effective prevention and response,” said Dr. Sten H. Vermund of the University of South Florida.”
With the infection spreading across species and appearing in unexpected places, the world cannot underestimate this growing health threat.
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